US
- Central bank -- the Federal Reserve Bank -- goals are for "maximum employment, stable prices, and moderate long-term interest rates"'
- Single currency;
- Fiscal union that redistributes wealth, by way of stimulative investment and low-income / unemployed benefits;
- States must balance budget, no lending facility outside of capital bonds (but shortfalls in state budgets may be partially deflected by the fiscal union);
- Primacy of federal laws is immediate and absolute, even if contested and limitations delineated in a federal-level court (the Supreme Court of the United States);
- Single, official, national language (English).
Eurozone
- Central bank -- the European Central Ban -- goal is to "maintain price stability"
- Single currency;
- No fiscal union;
- Member states don't need to balance budgets as long as they can access long-term bond markets, but have signed the Maastricht Treaty whereby they agreed to limit deficits to 3% of GDP and debt to 60% of GDP;
- European Union-level laws hold primacy, but sovereignty rights creates conflict in cases of member states' Constitution;
- Multiple official languages.
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